Hookahs----quit smoking, stop smoking for health concerns

Hookahs

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BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Compared with Cigarettes
Health Effects
References
For Further Information
Hookahs—sometimes called water pipes—are used to smoke specially made tobacco. Hookah tobacco is available in a variety of flavors, such as apple, mint, cherry, chocolate, coconut, licorice, cappuccino, and watermelon.1,2 Hookah smoking is typically practiced in groups, with the same mouthpiece passed from person to person.1,2
Hookahs originated in ancient Persia and India and have been used extensively for approximately 400 years.1,2,3 Today, hookah cafés are gaining popularity around the globe, including Britain, France, Russia, the Middle East, and the United States.1 An estimated 300 hookah cafés operated in the United States in 2006, and the numbers continue to grow.1

Hookah is known by a number of different names, including—
Narghile
Argileh
Shisha
Hubble-bubble
Goza2
Hookahs vary in size, shape, and composition.2
A typical modern hookah comprises a head (with holes in the bottom), a metal body, a water bowl, and a flexible hose with a mouthpiece.4
-->
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of hookah use around the world, most notably among youth.1,2,3
Compared with Cigarettes
While many hookah smokers may consider this practice less harmful than smoking cigarettes, hookah smoking carries many of the same health risks as cigarettes.1,2
Water pipe smoking delivers the addictive drug nicotine and is at least as toxic as cigarette smoke.2
Due to the mode of smoking—including frequency of puffing, depth of inhalation, and length of the smoking session—hookah smokers may absorb higher concentrations of the toxins found in cigarette smoke.1,2
A typical 1-hour-long hookah smoking session involves inhaling 100–200 times the volume of smoke inhaled from a single cigarette.4
Hookah smokers are at risk for the same kinds of diseases as are caused by cigarette smoking, including oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, cancer of the esophagus, reduced lung function, and decreased fertility.5
-->
Hookah smoking is NOT a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.1
Health Effects
Hookah Smoke and Cancer
The charcoal used to heat tobacco in the hookah increases the health risks by producing high levels of carbon monoxide, metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.1,4
Even after it has passed through water, the smoke produced by a hookah contains high levels of toxic compounds, including carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.4
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause lung, bladder, and oral cancers.1,4
Irritation from exposure to tobacco juices increases the risk of developing oral cancers. The irritation by tobacco juice products is likely to be greater among hookah smokers than among pipe or cigar smokers because hookah smoking is typically practiced (with or without inhalation) more often and for longer periods of time.6
Other Health Effects of Hookah Smoke
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause clogged arteries and heart disease.1,4
Sharing a hookah may increase the risk of transmitting tuberculosis, viruses such as herpes or hepatitis, and other illnesses.2
Babies born to women who smoked one or more water pipes a day during pregnancy have lower birth weights (were at least 3½ ounces less) than babies born to nonsmokers and are at an increased risk for respiratory diseases.5
Secondhand smoke from hookahs poses a serious risk for nonsmokers, particularly because it contains smoke from the tobacco and smoke from the heat source (e.g., charcoal) used in the hookah.1,4
-->
Using a hookah to smoke tobacco poses a serious potential health hazard to smokers and others exposed to the smoke emitted

Hookahs----quit smoking, stop smoking for health concerns

Hookahs

www.QuitSmoking21Days.com Safe and Easy

I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Compared with Cigarettes
Health Effects
References
For Further Information
Hookahs—sometimes called water pipes—are used to smoke specially made tobacco. Hookah tobacco is available in a variety of flavors, such as apple, mint, cherry, chocolate, coconut, licorice, cappuccino, and watermelon.1,2 Hookah smoking is typically practiced in groups, with the same mouthpiece passed from person to person.1,2
Hookahs originated in ancient Persia and India and have been used extensively for approximately 400 years.1,2,3 Today, hookah cafés are gaining popularity around the globe, including Britain, France, Russia, the Middle East, and the United States.1 An estimated 300 hookah cafés operated in the United States in 2006, and the numbers continue to grow.1

Hookah is known by a number of different names, including—
Narghile
Argileh
Shisha
Hubble-bubble
Goza2
Hookahs vary in size, shape, and composition.2
A typical modern hookah comprises a head (with holes in the bottom), a metal body, a water bowl, and a flexible hose with a mouthpiece.4
-->
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of hookah use around the world, most notably among youth.1,2,3
Compared with Cigarettes
While many hookah smokers may consider this practice less harmful than smoking cigarettes, hookah smoking carries many of the same health risks as cigarettes.1,2
Water pipe smoking delivers the addictive drug nicotine and is at least as toxic as cigarette smoke.2
Due to the mode of smoking—including frequency of puffing, depth of inhalation, and length of the smoking session—hookah smokers may absorb higher concentrations of the toxins found in cigarette smoke.1,2
A typical 1-hour-long hookah smoking session involves inhaling 100–200 times the volume of smoke inhaled from a single cigarette.4
Hookah smokers are at risk for the same kinds of diseases as are caused by cigarette smoking, including oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, cancer of the esophagus, reduced lung function, and decreased fertility.5
-->
Hookah smoking is NOT a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.1
Health Effects
Hookah Smoke and Cancer
The charcoal used to heat tobacco in the hookah increases the health risks by producing high levels of carbon monoxide, metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.1,4
Even after it has passed through water, the smoke produced by a hookah contains high levels of toxic compounds, including carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.4
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause lung, bladder, and oral cancers.1,4
Irritation from exposure to tobacco juices increases the risk of developing oral cancers. The irritation by tobacco juice products is likely to be greater among hookah smokers than among pipe or cigar smokers because hookah smoking is typically practiced (with or without inhalation) more often and for longer periods of time.6
Other Health Effects of Hookah Smoke
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause clogged arteries and heart disease.1,4
Sharing a hookah may increase the risk of transmitting tuberculosis, viruses such as herpes or hepatitis, and other illnesses.2
Babies born to women who smoked one or more water pipes a day during pregnancy have lower birth weights (were at least 3½ ounces less) than babies born to nonsmokers and are at an increased risk for respiratory diseases.5
Secondhand smoke from hookahs poses a serious risk for nonsmokers, particularly because it contains smoke from the tobacco and smoke from the heat source (e.g., charcoal) used in the hookah.1,4
-->
Using a hookah to smoke tobacco poses a serious potential health hazard to smokers and others exposed to the smoke emitted

Hookahs----quit smoking, stop smoking for health concerns

Hookahs

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I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Compared with Cigarettes
Health Effects
References
For Further Information
Hookahs—sometimes called water pipes—are used to smoke specially made tobacco. Hookah tobacco is available in a variety of flavors, such as apple, mint, cherry, chocolate, coconut, licorice, cappuccino, and watermelon.1,2 Hookah smoking is typically practiced in groups, with the same mouthpiece passed from person to person.1,2
Hookahs originated in ancient Persia and India and have been used extensively for approximately 400 years.1,2,3 Today, hookah cafés are gaining popularity around the globe, including Britain, France, Russia, the Middle East, and the United States.1 An estimated 300 hookah cafés operated in the United States in 2006, and the numbers continue to grow.1

Hookah is known by a number of different names, including—
Narghile
Argileh
Shisha
Hubble-bubble
Goza2
Hookahs vary in size, shape, and composition.2
A typical modern hookah comprises a head (with holes in the bottom), a metal body, a water bowl, and a flexible hose with a mouthpiece.4
-->
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of hookah use around the world, most notably among youth.1,2,3
Compared with Cigarettes
While many hookah smokers may consider this practice less harmful than smoking cigarettes, hookah smoking carries many of the same health risks as cigarettes.1,2
Water pipe smoking delivers the addictive drug nicotine and is at least as toxic as cigarette smoke.2
Due to the mode of smoking—including frequency of puffing, depth of inhalation, and length of the smoking session—hookah smokers may absorb higher concentrations of the toxins found in cigarette smoke.1,2
A typical 1-hour-long hookah smoking session involves inhaling 100–200 times the volume of smoke inhaled from a single cigarette.4
Hookah smokers are at risk for the same kinds of diseases as are caused by cigarette smoking, including oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, cancer of the esophagus, reduced lung function, and decreased fertility.5
-->
Hookah smoking is NOT a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.1
Health Effects
Hookah Smoke and Cancer
The charcoal used to heat tobacco in the hookah increases the health risks by producing high levels of carbon monoxide, metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.1,4
Even after it has passed through water, the smoke produced by a hookah contains high levels of toxic compounds, including carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.4
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause lung, bladder, and oral cancers.1,4
Irritation from exposure to tobacco juices increases the risk of developing oral cancers. The irritation by tobacco juice products is likely to be greater among hookah smokers than among pipe or cigar smokers because hookah smoking is typically practiced (with or without inhalation) more often and for longer periods of time.6
Other Health Effects of Hookah Smoke
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause clogged arteries and heart disease.1,4
Sharing a hookah may increase the risk of transmitting tuberculosis, viruses such as herpes or hepatitis, and other illnesses.2
Babies born to women who smoked one or more water pipes a day during pregnancy have lower birth weights (were at least 3½ ounces less) than babies born to nonsmokers and are at an increased risk for respiratory diseases.5
Secondhand smoke from hookahs poses a serious risk for nonsmokers, particularly because it contains smoke from the tobacco and smoke from the heat source (e.g., charcoal) used in the hookah.1,4
-->
Using a hookah to smoke tobacco poses a serious potential health hazard to smokers and others exposed to the smoke emitted

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products


www.QuitSmoking21Days.com Safe and Easy

I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects










Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Cigarette manufacturers have developed cigarettes that deliver less tar or nicotine in standardized machine measurements.1,2 Brands with machine-measured lower tar levels (i.e., low-yield cigarettes) have been marketed as reduced-risk cigarettes, using terms such as "light" and "ultralight."1 In 2001, the tobacco industry introduced "cigarette-like" products, such as Eclipse®, Advance™, Ariva®, Exalt™, and Revel™.3,4 Low-yield cigarettes and cigarette-like products are examples of a classification of products referred to as "potentially reduced-exposure products" or PREPs.2
Cigarette Design and Compensatory Smoking
Tar refers to the total particulate matter in smoke, excluding water and alkaloid compounds such as nicotine, as measured by using a standardized protocol on a smoking machine.5
Cigarette brands that yield approximately 1–6 mg of tar are generally called "ultralight." Those with approximately 6–15 mg of tar are called "light," and brands yielding more than 15 mg tar are called "regular" or "full flavor."1
Ventilated cigarette filters are the major innovation behind low-yield cigarettes. Filter vents dilute smoke with air and reduce standard yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide.1 Currently, 99% of all cigarettes are filtered.6
During 1968–1998, the average yield of tar in cigarettes decreased 44%. The average nicotine yield decreased 34%.5
Many smokers block the vents or compensate when smoking low-yield cigarettes, thus inhaling more tar and nicotine than measured by machines.7 Smokers may get as much tar and nicotine from cigarettes with low-yield ratings as those with higher yields.1,5
Characteristics of Smokers Who Use Low-Yield Cigarettes
Use of low-tar products increases dramatically as age, education level, and income level increase and use of these products is higher among women than men.1
Many smokers consider smoking low-yield cigarettes, menthol cigarettes, or additive-free cigarettes to be safer than smoking regular cigarettes.1,2
Many smokers of low-tar cigarettes may have switched to such brands instead of quitting.7 Smokers may be misled by the implied promise of reduced toxicity underlying the marketing of such brands.7
Health Risks of Low-Yield Cigarettes
The risk for lung cancer is only slightly lower with low tar cigarettes, and reduced tar levels have little, if any, effect on other lung diseases or heart disease.7,8
Existing research does not support recommending that smokers switch to low-yield cigarette brands.1 No convincing evidence exists indicating that changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important decrease in the diseases caused by cigarettes.1
References
National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Institute of Medicine. Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Breland AB, Evans SE, Buchhalter AR, Eissenberg T. Acute effects of Advance™: A Potential Reduced Exposure Product for Smokers. Tobacco Control. 2002;11:376–378 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Parascandola M, Hurd A, Augustson E. Consumer Awareness and Attitudes Related to New Potential Reduced-Exposure Tobacco Products. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2008 Jul–Aug;32(4):431–7 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Federal Trade Commission. "Tar," Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide of the 1294 Varieties of Domestic Cigarettes for the Year 1998. (PDF–243 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2000 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. (PDF–880 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2007 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2000 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products


www.QuitSmoking21Days.com Safe and Easy

I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects










Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Cigarette manufacturers have developed cigarettes that deliver less tar or nicotine in standardized machine measurements.1,2 Brands with machine-measured lower tar levels (i.e., low-yield cigarettes) have been marketed as reduced-risk cigarettes, using terms such as "light" and "ultralight."1 In 2001, the tobacco industry introduced "cigarette-like" products, such as Eclipse®, Advance™, Ariva®, Exalt™, and Revel™.3,4 Low-yield cigarettes and cigarette-like products are examples of a classification of products referred to as "potentially reduced-exposure products" or PREPs.2
Cigarette Design and Compensatory Smoking
Tar refers to the total particulate matter in smoke, excluding water and alkaloid compounds such as nicotine, as measured by using a standardized protocol on a smoking machine.5
Cigarette brands that yield approximately 1–6 mg of tar are generally called "ultralight." Those with approximately 6–15 mg of tar are called "light," and brands yielding more than 15 mg tar are called "regular" or "full flavor."1
Ventilated cigarette filters are the major innovation behind low-yield cigarettes. Filter vents dilute smoke with air and reduce standard yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide.1 Currently, 99% of all cigarettes are filtered.6
During 1968–1998, the average yield of tar in cigarettes decreased 44%. The average nicotine yield decreased 34%.5
Many smokers block the vents or compensate when smoking low-yield cigarettes, thus inhaling more tar and nicotine than measured by machines.7 Smokers may get as much tar and nicotine from cigarettes with low-yield ratings as those with higher yields.1,5
Characteristics of Smokers Who Use Low-Yield Cigarettes
Use of low-tar products increases dramatically as age, education level, and income level increase and use of these products is higher among women than men.1
Many smokers consider smoking low-yield cigarettes, menthol cigarettes, or additive-free cigarettes to be safer than smoking regular cigarettes.1,2
Many smokers of low-tar cigarettes may have switched to such brands instead of quitting.7 Smokers may be misled by the implied promise of reduced toxicity underlying the marketing of such brands.7
Health Risks of Low-Yield Cigarettes
The risk for lung cancer is only slightly lower with low tar cigarettes, and reduced tar levels have little, if any, effect on other lung diseases or heart disease.7,8
Existing research does not support recommending that smokers switch to low-yield cigarette brands.1 No convincing evidence exists indicating that changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important decrease in the diseases caused by cigarettes.1
References
National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Institute of Medicine. Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Breland AB, Evans SE, Buchhalter AR, Eissenberg T. Acute effects of Advance™: A Potential Reduced Exposure Product for Smokers. Tobacco Control. 2002;11:376–378 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Parascandola M, Hurd A, Augustson E. Consumer Awareness and Attitudes Related to New Potential Reduced-Exposure Tobacco Products. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2008 Jul–Aug;32(4):431–7 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Federal Trade Commission. "Tar," Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide of the 1294 Varieties of Domestic Cigarettes for the Year 1998. (PDF–243 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2000 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. (PDF–880 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2007 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2000 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products


www.QuitSmoking21Days.com Safe and Easy

I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects










Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Cigarette manufacturers have developed cigarettes that deliver less tar or nicotine in standardized machine measurements.1,2 Brands with machine-measured lower tar levels (i.e., low-yield cigarettes) have been marketed as reduced-risk cigarettes, using terms such as "light" and "ultralight."1 In 2001, the tobacco industry introduced "cigarette-like" products, such as Eclipse®, Advance™, Ariva®, Exalt™, and Revel™.3,4 Low-yield cigarettes and cigarette-like products are examples of a classification of products referred to as "potentially reduced-exposure products" or PREPs.2
Cigarette Design and Compensatory Smoking
Tar refers to the total particulate matter in smoke, excluding water and alkaloid compounds such as nicotine, as measured by using a standardized protocol on a smoking machine.5
Cigarette brands that yield approximately 1–6 mg of tar are generally called "ultralight." Those with approximately 6–15 mg of tar are called "light," and brands yielding more than 15 mg tar are called "regular" or "full flavor."1
Ventilated cigarette filters are the major innovation behind low-yield cigarettes. Filter vents dilute smoke with air and reduce standard yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide.1 Currently, 99% of all cigarettes are filtered.6
During 1968–1998, the average yield of tar in cigarettes decreased 44%. The average nicotine yield decreased 34%.5
Many smokers block the vents or compensate when smoking low-yield cigarettes, thus inhaling more tar and nicotine than measured by machines.7 Smokers may get as much tar and nicotine from cigarettes with low-yield ratings as those with higher yields.1,5
Characteristics of Smokers Who Use Low-Yield Cigarettes
Use of low-tar products increases dramatically as age, education level, and income level increase and use of these products is higher among women than men.1
Many smokers consider smoking low-yield cigarettes, menthol cigarettes, or additive-free cigarettes to be safer than smoking regular cigarettes.1,2
Many smokers of low-tar cigarettes may have switched to such brands instead of quitting.7 Smokers may be misled by the implied promise of reduced toxicity underlying the marketing of such brands.7
Health Risks of Low-Yield Cigarettes
The risk for lung cancer is only slightly lower with low tar cigarettes, and reduced tar levels have little, if any, effect on other lung diseases or heart disease.7,8
Existing research does not support recommending that smokers switch to low-yield cigarette brands.1 No convincing evidence exists indicating that changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important decrease in the diseases caused by cigarettes.1
References
National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Institute of Medicine. Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Breland AB, Evans SE, Buchhalter AR, Eissenberg T. Acute effects of Advance™: A Potential Reduced Exposure Product for Smokers. Tobacco Control. 2002;11:376–378 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Parascandola M, Hurd A, Augustson E. Consumer Awareness and Attitudes Related to New Potential Reduced-Exposure Tobacco Products. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2008 Jul–Aug;32(4):431–7 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Federal Trade Commission. "Tar," Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide of the 1294 Varieties of Domestic Cigarettes for the Year 1998. (PDF–243 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2000 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. (PDF–880 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2007 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2000 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].

Forms of Smokeless Tobacco and how to quit now!!!!

Forms of Smokeless Tobacco

www.QuitSmoking21Days.com Safe and Easy

I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects

On this Page
Forms of Smokeless Tobacco
Health Effects
Smokeless Tobacco Use
Tobacco Industry Information
References
For Further Information
The two main types of smokeless tobacco in the United States are chewing tobacco and snuff.1,2
Chewing tobacco comes in the form of loose leaf, plug, or twist.2,3,4
Form
Description
Use
Market Share*
*Percentage of U.S. market for smokeless tobacco products5
Loose leaf
Cured tobacco strips typically sweetened and packaged in foil pouches
Piece taken from pouch and placed between cheek and gums
24.1%
Plug
Cured tobacco leaves pressed together into a cake or "plug" form and wrapped in a tobacco leaf
Piece taken from pouch and placed between cheek and gums
0.7%
Twist (or roll)
Cured tobacco leaves (often flavored) twisted together to resemble rope
Piece cut off from twist and placed between cheek and gums
0.4%

Snuff is finely ground tobacco that can be dry, moist, or packaged in sachets.2,3,4
Form
Description
Use
Market Share*
*Percentage of U.S. market for smokeless tobacco products5
Moist
Cured and fermented tobacco processed into fine particles and often packaged in round cans
Pinch or “dip” is placed between cheek or lip and gums
73.2%
Dry
Fire-cured tobacco processed into a powder
Pinch of powder is taken orally or inhaled through the nostrils
1.5%
Sachets
Moist snuff packaged in ready-to-use pouches that resemble small tea bags
Sachet is placed between cheek or teeth and gums
Data unavailable
Although some forms of snuff can be used by sniffing or inhaling into the nose,2 most smokeless tobacco users place the product between their gum and cheek.3 Users suck or chew on the tobacco, and saliva can be spat out or swallowed.3,4 The tobacco industry has also developed newer smokeless tobacco products such as lozenges, tablets, tabs, strips, and sticks.4,6
Health Effects
Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer
Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-causing agents (carcinogens).2,4
Smokeless tobacco is a known cause of human cancer; it increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas.4,7
Smokeless Tobacco and Oral Health
Smokeless tobacco is also strongly associated with leukoplakia—a precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off.3
Smokeless tobacco is associated with recession of the gums, gum disease, and tooth decay.3,6
Smokeless Tobacco and Reproductive Health
Smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy increases the risks for preeclampsia (i.e., a condition that may include high blood pressure, fluid retention, and swelling), premature birth, and low birth weight.4
Smokeless tobacco use by men causes reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm cells.4
Smokeless Tobacco and Nicotine Addiction
Smokeless tobacco use can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence.2,4
Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette smokers.3
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Smokeless tobacco is a significant health risk and is not a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes.2
Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States
Smokeless tobacco use in the United States is higher among—
Young white males
American Indians/Alaska Natives
People living in southern and north central states, and
People who are employed in blue collar occupations or service/laborer jobs or who are unemployed8
Adults and Smokeless Tobacco
3.3%
of
adults (aged 18 years and older)

are current smokeless tobacco users9
6.5%
of
men


0.4%
of
women


7.0%
of
American Indian/Alaska Natives


4.3%
of
whites


1.3%
of
Hispanics


0.7%
of
African Americans


0.6%
of
Asian Americans



High School Students and Smokeless Tobacco
7.9%
of
all high school students

are current smokeless tobacco users10
13.4%
of
male high school students


2.3%
of
female high school students


10.3%
of
white high school students


4.7%
of
Hispanic high school students


1.2%
of
African American high school students



Middle School Students and Smokeless Tobacco
2.6%
of
middle school students

are current smokeless tobacco users11
4.1%
of
male middle school students


1.2%
of
female middle school students


3.4%
of
Hispanic middle school students


2.8%
of
white middle school students


2.0%
of
Asian middle school students


1.7%
of
African-American middle school students


NOTE: For all data tables above, "current" user is defined as using smokeless tobacco products on 1 or more of the 30 days preceding the survey.
Tobacco Industry Information
The five largest tobacco manufacturers have spent record amounts of money on smokeless tobacco advertising and promotions:1
$354.12 million in 2006
$250.79 million in 2005
The two leading smokeless tobacco brands for users aged 12 years or older are—
Skoal® (with 25% of the market share) and
Copenhagen® (with 24% of the market share).5
References
Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006.(PDF–689 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009 [accessed 2009 Aug 24].
National Cancer Institute. Smokeless Tobacco or Health: An International Perspective . Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1992 [accessed 2009 Feb 9].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1994 [accessed 2009 Feb 9].
World Health Organization. Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines . (PDF–3.18 MB) International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Vol. 89. Lyon, France: World Health Organization, 2007 [accessed 2009 April 27].
Maxwell JC. The Maxwell Report: The Smokeless Tobacco Industry in 2008. Richmond, VA: John C. Maxwell, Jr., April 2009 [cited 2009 May 13].
Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Smokeless Tobacco and Kids. (PDF–144 KB) Washington: Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, 2009 [accessed 2009 Aug 24].
World Health Organization. Summaries and Evaluations: Tobacco Products, Smokeless (Group 1) . Lyon, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1998 [accessed 2009 Feb 9].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General . Bethesda, Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1989 [accessed 2009 Feb 9].
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results From the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables . Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, 2007 [accessed 2009 Feb 9].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2007. (PDF–4.47 MB) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2007;57(SS-4):1–136 [accessed 2009 Feb 9].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006 National Youth Tobacco Survey and Key Prevalence Indicators (PDF–167 KB) [accessed 2009 Apr 27].