Quit Smoking 21 Days: October 2009

Saturday, October 31, 2009

Tobacco Industry Marketing vs. Marketing Quit Smoking Programs

Tobacco Industry Marketing
Fact Sheets

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Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Tobacco Industry Marketing Expenditures
In 2005 (the latest year with available data), cigarette companies spent $13.11 billion on advertising and promotional expenses, down from $15.12 billion in 2003,1 but nearly double what was spent in 1998.1 This amounted to more than $36 million per day,1 more than $46 for every person in the United States,1,2 and more than $302 for each U.S. adult smoker.1, 3
The four highest marketing expenditure categories are 1) promotional allowance price discounts paid to retailers or wholesalers to reduce the price, such as off-invoice discounts, buy downs, or voluntary price reductions ($10 billion or 75%); 2) coupons ($870 million or 7%); 3) promotional allowances, such as payments to retailers or wholesalers ($846 million or 6%); and 4) retail value-added involving bonus cigarettes ($725 million or 6%).
Cigarette companies spent $31 million on the sponsorship of sports teams or individual athletes in 2005.1
The five major U.S. smokeless tobacco manufacturers spent $250.8 million on smokeless tobacco advertising and promotion in 2005 (the latest year with available data).4 The smokeless tobacco industry spent $15.7 million on sports and sporting events in 2005.4
Tobacco Industry Marketing and Specific Populations
The three most heavily advertised brands, Marlboro, Newport, and Camel, continue to be the preferred brands of cigarettes smoked by established student smokers in middle and high school.5
Among middle school students, Marlboro is the cigarette brand most preferred (43%) followed by Newport (26%), other brands (15%), Camel (9%), and no usual brand (7%).5
Among high school students, Marlboro is the cigarette brand most preferred (52%) followed by Newport (21%), Camel (13%), other brands (10%), and no usual brand (3%).5
Women have been extensively targeted in tobacco marketing, and tobacco companies have produced brands specifically for women.6 Such marketing toward women is dominated by themes of social desirability and independence, which are conveyed by advertisements featuring slim, attractive, and athletic models.6
Certain tobacco products are advertised and promoted disproportionately to members of racial/minority communities.7 For example, marketing toward Hispanics and American Indians/Alaska Natives has included advertising and promotion of cigarette brands with names such as Rio, Dorado, and American Spirit.7 The tobacco industry has sponsored events celebrating racial/ethnic pride and culture such as: rodeos, dance companies, parades, festivals, and also activities relating to national heritage month observances.7
The tobacco industry has strategically targeted black communities in its advertisements and promotional efforts for menthol cigarettes.5
References
Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. (PDF–880KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2007 [accessed 2007 Apr 26].
Census Bureau. United States General Demographic Characteristics. 2007 American Community Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau; 2007 [accessed 2009 Feb 4].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008;57(45);1221–1226 [accessed 2009 Feb 4].
Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Years 2002–2005.(PDF–619KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2007[accessed 2009 Feb 4].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers—United States, 2004 and 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2009;58(05);112–115 [accessed 2009 Feb 4].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 4].
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups—African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 1998 [accessed 2009 Feb 4].

Tobacco Industry Marketing vs. Marketing Quit Smoking Programs

Tobacco Industry Marketing
Fact Sheets

Tobacco Industry Marketing vs. Marketing Quit Smoking Programs

Tobacco Industry Marketing
Fact Sheets

Tobacco Brand Preferences- what brand will kill you the fastest?

Tobacco Brand Preferences

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Cigarettes
Ninety-nine percent of all cigarettes sold in the United States are filtered.1
Cigarette brands that yield approximately 1–6 mg of tar by machine testing conducted by the Federal Trade Commission are generally called "ultra-light." Those with approximately 6–15 mg of tar are called "light," and brands yielding more than 15 mg of tar are called "regular" or "full flavor."2 Of all cigarettes sold in the United States, 84% are either light or ultra-light (i.e., low tar) brands.1
Sales data from 2006 indicate that Marlboro is the most popular brand in the United States, with sales greater than the five leading competitors combined. The market share for Marlboro is 40.5%, followed by Newport (8.9%), Camel (6.6%), Doral (4.4%), Basic (3.8%), Winston (3.5%), and Kool (3.2%).3
National survey data for 2005 revealed that Marlboro is preferred by 48% of cigarette smokers aged 12–17 years, 51% of smokers aged 18–25 years, and 40% of smokers aged 26 years or older.4
Twenty-seven percent of all cigarettes sold in the United States are mentholated brands.1
Use of mentholated brands varies widely by race and ethnicity. Among smokers aged 12 years or older, 67% of African Americans reported using the mentholated brands of Newport, Salem, or Kool, compared to less than 16% of white or Hispanic smokers.4 Fifty-five percent of African American middle school students who smoke and 64% of African American high school students who smoke reported using mentholated brands.5
Other Tobacco Products
The two leading brands preferred by cigar smokers aged 12 years or older are Black & Mild (23%) and Swisher Sweets (14%).4 Black & Mild is the most preferred brand for African–American (55%), Hispanic (24%) and white cigar smokers (16%).4
The two leading brands preferred by smokeless tobacco users aged 12 years or older are Skoal (28%) and Copenhagen (22%).4
References
Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. (PDF–446 KB) Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2007[accessed 2007 Apr 26].
National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2001 [accessed 2006 Dec 13]. NIH Pub. No. 02-5974.
Maxwell JC. The Maxwell Report: Year End & Fourth Quarter 2006 Sales Estimates for the Cigarette Industry. Richmond, VA: John C. Maxwell, Jr.; February 2007 [accessed 2006 Dec 13].
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2005 Detailed Tables, Tobacco Brands. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies; 2006 [accessed 2006 Dec 13].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004 National Youth Tobacco Survey: Dataset, Codebook and Format Library. [accessed 2006 Dec 13].

Tobacco Brand Preferences- what brand will kill you the fastest?

Tobacco Brand Preferences

Tobacco Brand Preferences- what brand will kill you the fastest?

Tobacco Brand Preferences

Cigars and how to stop smoking them!!

Cigars
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BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
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Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Cigars contain the same toxic and carcinogenic compounds found in cigarettes and are not a safe alternative to cigarettes.1 The three major types of cigars sold in the United States are large cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars.1 In 2007, cigar sales in the United States rose 9.2 percent2 and generated more than $3.4 billion in retail sales.2
Health Effects
Regular cigar smoking is associated with an increased risk for cancers of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus.1,3
Heavy cigar smokers and those who inhale deeply may be at increased risk for developing coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.1
Current Estimates
In 2007, an estimated 5.4%, or 13.3 million Americans, 12 years of age or older, were current cigar users.4
An estimated 7.3% of African American, 5.5% of white, 4.5% of Hispanic, 9.0% of American Indian/Alaska Native, and 1.4% of Asian American adults 18 years of age or older, are current cigar smokers.4
An estimated 14.0% of students in grades 9–12 in the United States are current cigar smokers.5 Cigar smoking is more common among males (19.4%) than females (7.6%) in these grades.5
An estimated 4% of middle school students in the United States are current cigar smokers.6 Estimates are higher for middle school boys (5.3%) than girls (2.7%).6
Other Information
The two leading brands preferred by cigar smokers aged 12 years or older are Black & Mild® (22.8%) and Swisher Sweets® (14.4%).7
Marketing efforts have promoted cigars as symbols of a luxuriant and successful lifestyle.1 Endorsements by celebrities, development of cigar-friendly magazines (e.g., Cigar Aficionado), features of highly visible women smoking cigars, and product placement in movies have contributed to the increased visibility of cigar smoking in society.1
Since 2001, cigar packaging and advertisements must display one of five health warning labels on a rotating basis

Bidis and Kreteks how to stop smoking

Bidis and Kreteks

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Health Effects
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use
References
For Further Information
Bidis are small, thin hand-rolled cigarettes imported to the United States primarily from India and other Southeast Asian countries.1,2 They consist of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf (plants native to Asia), and may be secured with a colorful string at one or both ends.1,2 Bidis can be flavored (e.g., chocolate, cherry, and mango) or unflavored.1
Kreteks—sometimes referred to as clove cigarettes—are imported from Indonesia and typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives.3,4
-->
Bidis and kreteks have higher concentrations of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than conventional cigarettes sold in the United States.1,3,5,6
Health Effects
Bidis
Very little research on the health effects of bidis has been conducted in the United States;7 however, research studies from India indicate that bidi smoking is associated with cancer and other heath conditions.2
Smoke from a bidi contains 3 to 5 times the amount of nicotine as a regular cigarette and places users at risk for nicotine addiction.7
Bidi smoking increases the risk for oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer.6,8,9,10
Bidi smoking is associated with a more than threefold increased risk for coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).6,11
Bidi smoking is associated with emphysema10 and a nearly fourfold increased risk for chronic bronchitis.6
Kreteks
Little research on the long-term health effects of kreteks has been conducted in the United States; however, research in Indonesia indicates that kretek smoking is associated with lung problems.
Kretek smoking is associated with an increased risk for acute lung injury (i.e., lung damage that can include a range of characteristics such as decreased oxygen, fluid in the lungs, leakage from capillaries, and inflammation), especially among susceptible individuals with asthma or respiratory infections.4
Regular kretek smokers have 13 to 20 times the risk for abnormal lung function (e.g., airflow obstruction or reduced oxygen absorption) compared with nonsmokers.12
Smoking clove cigarettes can lead to severe health consequences; the following health problems have been associated with clove cigarettes:13
Bronchitis
Difficulty breathing
Hemoptysis (i.e., coughing up blood)
Pneumonia
Respiratory infection
-->
Neither bidis nor kreteks are safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.4,5
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use*
Bidis
1.7%
of
middle school students

are current bidi smokers14
1.9%
of
male middle school students

1.5%
of
female middle school students

2.9%
of
high school students

3.3%
of
male high school students

2.4%
of
female high school students

1.4%
of
adults aged 18–24 years

are current bidi smokers7
0.3%
of
adults aged 18 years and older

Kretkes
1.4%
of
middle school students

are current kretek smokers14
1.7%
of
male middle school students

1.0%
of
female middle school students

2.8%
of
high school students

3.6%
of
male high school students

2.0%
of
female high school students

NOTE: "Current" smoker in all estimate tables above is defined as smoking 1 or more bidis or kreteks in the 30 days preceding the survey.
References

Cigars and how to stop smoking them!!

Bidis and Kreteks how to stop smoking

Bidis and Kreteks

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Health Effects
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use
References
For Further Information
Bidis are small, thin hand-rolled cigarettes imported to the United States primarily from India and other Southeast Asian countries.1,2 They consist of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf (plants native to Asia), and may be secured with a colorful string at one or both ends.1,2 Bidis can be flavored (e.g., chocolate, cherry, and mango) or unflavored.1
Kreteks—sometimes referred to as clove cigarettes—are imported from Indonesia and typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives.3,4
-->
Bidis and kreteks have higher concentrations of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than conventional cigarettes sold in the United States.1,3,5,6
Health Effects
Bidis
Very little research on the health effects of bidis has been conducted in the United States;7 however, research studies from India indicate that bidi smoking is associated with cancer and other heath conditions.2
Smoke from a bidi contains 3 to 5 times the amount of nicotine as a regular cigarette and places users at risk for nicotine addiction.7
Bidi smoking increases the risk for oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer.6,8,9,10
Bidi smoking is associated with a more than threefold increased risk for coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).6,11
Bidi smoking is associated with emphysema10 and a nearly fourfold increased risk for chronic bronchitis.6
Kreteks
Little research on the long-term health effects of kreteks has been conducted in the United States; however, research in Indonesia indicates that kretek smoking is associated with lung problems.
Kretek smoking is associated with an increased risk for acute lung injury (i.e., lung damage that can include a range of characteristics such as decreased oxygen, fluid in the lungs, leakage from capillaries, and inflammation), especially among susceptible individuals with asthma or respiratory infections.4
Regular kretek smokers have 13 to 20 times the risk for abnormal lung function (e.g., airflow obstruction or reduced oxygen absorption) compared with nonsmokers.12
Smoking clove cigarettes can lead to severe health consequences; the following health problems have been associated with clove cigarettes:13
Bronchitis
Difficulty breathing
Hemoptysis (i.e., coughing up blood)
Pneumonia
Respiratory infection
-->
Neither bidis nor kreteks are safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.4,5
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use*
Bidis
1.7%
of
middle school students

are current bidi smokers14
1.9%
of
male middle school students

1.5%
of
female middle school students

2.9%
of
high school students

3.3%
of
male high school students

2.4%
of
female high school students

1.4%
of
adults aged 18–24 years

are current bidi smokers7
0.3%
of
adults aged 18 years and older

Kretkes
1.4%
of
middle school students

are current kretek smokers14
1.7%
of
male middle school students

1.0%
of
female middle school students

2.8%
of
high school students

3.6%
of
male high school students

2.0%
of
female high school students

NOTE: "Current" smoker in all estimate tables above is defined as smoking 1 or more bidis or kreteks in the 30 days preceding the survey.
References

Cigars and how to stop smoking them!!

Bidis and Kreteks how to stop smoking

Bidis and Kreteks

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Health Effects
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use
References
For Further Information
Bidis are small, thin hand-rolled cigarettes imported to the United States primarily from India and other Southeast Asian countries.1,2 They consist of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf (plants native to Asia), and may be secured with a colorful string at one or both ends.1,2 Bidis can be flavored (e.g., chocolate, cherry, and mango) or unflavored.1
Kreteks—sometimes referred to as clove cigarettes—are imported from Indonesia and typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives.3,4
-->
Bidis and kreteks have higher concentrations of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than conventional cigarettes sold in the United States.1,3,5,6
Health Effects
Bidis
Very little research on the health effects of bidis has been conducted in the United States;7 however, research studies from India indicate that bidi smoking is associated with cancer and other heath conditions.2
Smoke from a bidi contains 3 to 5 times the amount of nicotine as a regular cigarette and places users at risk for nicotine addiction.7
Bidi smoking increases the risk for oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer.6,8,9,10
Bidi smoking is associated with a more than threefold increased risk for coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).6,11
Bidi smoking is associated with emphysema10 and a nearly fourfold increased risk for chronic bronchitis.6
Kreteks
Little research on the long-term health effects of kreteks has been conducted in the United States; however, research in Indonesia indicates that kretek smoking is associated with lung problems.
Kretek smoking is associated with an increased risk for acute lung injury (i.e., lung damage that can include a range of characteristics such as decreased oxygen, fluid in the lungs, leakage from capillaries, and inflammation), especially among susceptible individuals with asthma or respiratory infections.4
Regular kretek smokers have 13 to 20 times the risk for abnormal lung function (e.g., airflow obstruction or reduced oxygen absorption) compared with nonsmokers.12
Smoking clove cigarettes can lead to severe health consequences; the following health problems have been associated with clove cigarettes:13
Bronchitis
Difficulty breathing
Hemoptysis (i.e., coughing up blood)
Pneumonia
Respiratory infection
-->
Neither bidis nor kreteks are safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.4,5
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use*
Bidis
1.7%
of
middle school students

are current bidi smokers14
1.9%
of
male middle school students

1.5%
of
female middle school students

2.9%
of
high school students

3.3%
of
male high school students

2.4%
of
female high school students

1.4%
of
adults aged 18–24 years

are current bidi smokers7
0.3%
of
adults aged 18 years and older

Kretkes
1.4%
of
middle school students

are current kretek smokers14
1.7%
of
male middle school students

1.0%
of
female middle school students

2.8%
of
high school students

3.6%
of
male high school students

2.0%
of
female high school students

NOTE: "Current" smoker in all estimate tables above is defined as smoking 1 or more bidis or kreteks in the 30 days preceding the survey.
References

Hookahs----quit smoking, stop smoking for health concerns

Hookahs

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I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
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BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Compared with Cigarettes
Health Effects
References
For Further Information
Hookahs—sometimes called water pipes—are used to smoke specially made tobacco. Hookah tobacco is available in a variety of flavors, such as apple, mint, cherry, chocolate, coconut, licorice, cappuccino, and watermelon.1,2 Hookah smoking is typically practiced in groups, with the same mouthpiece passed from person to person.1,2
Hookahs originated in ancient Persia and India and have been used extensively for approximately 400 years.1,2,3 Today, hookah cafés are gaining popularity around the globe, including Britain, France, Russia, the Middle East, and the United States.1 An estimated 300 hookah cafés operated in the United States in 2006, and the numbers continue to grow.1

Hookah is known by a number of different names, including—
Narghile
Argileh
Shisha
Hubble-bubble
Goza2
Hookahs vary in size, shape, and composition.2
A typical modern hookah comprises a head (with holes in the bottom), a metal body, a water bowl, and a flexible hose with a mouthpiece.4
-->
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of hookah use around the world, most notably among youth.1,2,3
Compared with Cigarettes
While many hookah smokers may consider this practice less harmful than smoking cigarettes, hookah smoking carries many of the same health risks as cigarettes.1,2
Water pipe smoking delivers the addictive drug nicotine and is at least as toxic as cigarette smoke.2
Due to the mode of smoking—including frequency of puffing, depth of inhalation, and length of the smoking session—hookah smokers may absorb higher concentrations of the toxins found in cigarette smoke.1,2
A typical 1-hour-long hookah smoking session involves inhaling 100–200 times the volume of smoke inhaled from a single cigarette.4
Hookah smokers are at risk for the same kinds of diseases as are caused by cigarette smoking, including oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, cancer of the esophagus, reduced lung function, and decreased fertility.5
-->
Hookah smoking is NOT a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.1
Health Effects
Hookah Smoke and Cancer
The charcoal used to heat tobacco in the hookah increases the health risks by producing high levels of carbon monoxide, metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.1,4
Even after it has passed through water, the smoke produced by a hookah contains high levels of toxic compounds, including carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and cancer-causing chemicals.4
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause lung, bladder, and oral cancers.1,4
Irritation from exposure to tobacco juices increases the risk of developing oral cancers. The irritation by tobacco juice products is likely to be greater among hookah smokers than among pipe or cigar smokers because hookah smoking is typically practiced (with or without inhalation) more often and for longer periods of time.6
Other Health Effects of Hookah Smoke
Hookah tobacco and smoke contain numerous toxic substances known to cause clogged arteries and heart disease.1,4
Sharing a hookah may increase the risk of transmitting tuberculosis, viruses such as herpes or hepatitis, and other illnesses.2
Babies born to women who smoked one or more water pipes a day during pregnancy have lower birth weights (were at least 3½ ounces less) than babies born to nonsmokers and are at an increased risk for respiratory diseases.5
Secondhand smoke from hookahs poses a serious risk for nonsmokers, particularly because it contains smoke from the tobacco and smoke from the heat source (e.g., charcoal) used in the hookah.1,4
-->
Using a hookah to smoke tobacco poses a serious potential health hazard to smokers and others exposed to the smoke emitted

Hookahs----quit smoking, stop smoking for health concerns

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products

Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products

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I WILL HELP YOU OVER THE NEXT 21 DAYS WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM!
MY DIRECT PHONE NUMBER IS INCLUDED WHEN YOU BUY THE QUIT SMOKING 21 DAYS COACHING PROGRAM FOR $499!
BUY NOW, READ THE MANUAL, LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CALL ME TODAY! I ASSURE YOU WILL EITHER QUIT SMOKING CIGARETTES IN THE NEXT 21 DAYS OR
YOU WILL QUIT USING MY PROGRAM!
Hit the "BUY NOW" button and select Option 4 Coaching Deluxe $499

www.QS21Days.com All Natural No Drugs or Side Effects

Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Cigarette manufacturers have developed cigarettes that deliver less tar or nicotine in standardized machine measurements.1,2 Brands with machine-measured lower tar levels (i.e., low-yield cigarettes) have been marketed as reduced-risk cigarettes, using terms such as "light" and "ultralight."1 In 2001, the tobacco industry introduced "cigarette-like" products, such as Eclipse®, Advance™, Ariva®, Exalt™, and Revel™.3,4 Low-yield cigarettes and cigarette-like products are examples of a classification of products referred to as "potentially reduced-exposure products" or PREPs.2
Cigarette Design and Compensatory Smoking
Tar refers to the total particulate matter in smoke, excluding water and alkaloid compounds such as nicotine, as measured by using a standardized protocol on a smoking machine.5
Cigarette brands that yield approximately 1–6 mg of tar are generally called "ultralight." Those with approximately 6–15 mg of tar are called "light," and brands yielding more than 15 mg tar are called "regular" or "full flavor."1
Ventilated cigarette filters are the major innovation behind low-yield cigarettes. Filter vents dilute smoke with air and reduce standard yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide.1 Currently, 99% of all cigarettes are filtered.6
During 1968–1998, the average yield of tar in cigarettes decreased 44%. The average nicotine yield decreased 34%.5
Many smokers block the vents or compensate when smoking low-yield cigarettes, thus inhaling more tar and nicotine than measured by machines.7 Smokers may get as much tar and nicotine from cigarettes with low-yield ratings as those with higher yields.1,5
Characteristics of Smokers Who Use Low-Yield Cigarettes
Use of low-tar products increases dramatically as age, education level, and income level increase and use of these products is higher among women than men.1
Many smokers consider smoking low-yield cigarettes, menthol cigarettes, or additive-free cigarettes to be safer than smoking regular cigarettes.1,2
Many smokers of low-tar cigarettes may have switched to such brands instead of quitting.7 Smokers may be misled by the implied promise of reduced toxicity underlying the marketing of such brands.7
Health Risks of Low-Yield Cigarettes
The risk for lung cancer is only slightly lower with low tar cigarettes, and reduced tar levels have little, if any, effect on other lung diseases or heart disease.7,8
Existing research does not support recommending that smokers switch to low-yield cigarette brands.1 No convincing evidence exists indicating that changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important decrease in the diseases caused by cigarettes.1
References
National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Institute of Medicine. Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Breland AB, Evans SE, Buchhalter AR, Eissenberg T. Acute effects of Advance™: A Potential Reduced Exposure Product for Smokers. Tobacco Control. 2002;11:376–378 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
Parascandola M, Hurd A, Augustson E. Consumer Awareness and Attitudes Related to New Potential Reduced-Exposure Tobacco Products. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2008 Jul–Aug;32(4):431–7 [accessed 2009 Feb 03].
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Quit Smoking 21 Days

U.S. Open Champion

Saturday, October 31, 2009

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Hookahs----quit smoking, stop smoking for health concerns

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Low-Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products

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