Bidis and Kreteks how to stop smoking

Bidis and Kreteks

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Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Definition
On this Page
Definition
Health Effects
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use
References
For Further Information
Bidis are small, thin hand-rolled cigarettes imported to the United States primarily from India and other Southeast Asian countries.1,2 They consist of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf (plants native to Asia), and may be secured with a colorful string at one or both ends.1,2 Bidis can be flavored (e.g., chocolate, cherry, and mango) or unflavored.1
Kreteks—sometimes referred to as clove cigarettes—are imported from Indonesia and typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives.3,4
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Bidis and kreteks have higher concentrations of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than conventional cigarettes sold in the United States.1,3,5,6
Health Effects
Bidis
Very little research on the health effects of bidis has been conducted in the United States;7 however, research studies from India indicate that bidi smoking is associated with cancer and other heath conditions.2
Smoke from a bidi contains 3 to 5 times the amount of nicotine as a regular cigarette and places users at risk for nicotine addiction.7
Bidi smoking increases the risk for oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer.6,8,9,10
Bidi smoking is associated with a more than threefold increased risk for coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).6,11
Bidi smoking is associated with emphysema10 and a nearly fourfold increased risk for chronic bronchitis.6
Kreteks
Little research on the long-term health effects of kreteks has been conducted in the United States; however, research in Indonesia indicates that kretek smoking is associated with lung problems.
Kretek smoking is associated with an increased risk for acute lung injury (i.e., lung damage that can include a range of characteristics such as decreased oxygen, fluid in the lungs, leakage from capillaries, and inflammation), especially among susceptible individuals with asthma or respiratory infections.4
Regular kretek smokers have 13 to 20 times the risk for abnormal lung function (e.g., airflow obstruction or reduced oxygen absorption) compared with nonsmokers.12
Smoking clove cigarettes can lead to severe health consequences; the following health problems have been associated with clove cigarettes:13
Bronchitis
Difficulty breathing
Hemoptysis (i.e., coughing up blood)
Pneumonia
Respiratory infection
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Neither bidis nor kreteks are safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.4,5
Current U.S. Estimates of Bidis and Kreteks Use*
Bidis
1.7%
of
middle school students

are current bidi smokers14
1.9%
of
male middle school students


1.5%
of
female middle school students







2.9%
of
high school students


3.3%
of
male high school students


2.4%
of
female high school students


1.4%
of
adults aged 18–24 years

are current bidi smokers7
0.3%
of
adults aged 18 years and older


Kretkes
1.4%
of
middle school students

are current kretek smokers14
1.7%
of
male middle school students


1.0%
of
female middle school students







2.8%
of
high school students


3.6%
of
male high school students


2.0%
of
female high school students


NOTE: "Current" smoker in all estimate tables above is defined as smoking 1 or more bidis or kreteks in the 30 days preceding the survey.
References