Women and Tobacco/// how to stop smoking

Women and Tobacco

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Fact Sheets
Adult Data
Cessation and Interventions
Economics
Fast Facts
Health Effects
Secondhand Smoke
Smokeless Tobacco
Specific Populations
Tobacco Industry and Products
Youth and Young Adult Data
Health Effects and Mortality
Cigarette smoking kills an estimated 178,000 women in the United States annually.1 The three leading smoking–related causes of death in women are lung cancer (45,000), heart disease (40,000), and chronic lung disease (42,000).1
Ninety percent of all lung cancer deaths in women smokers are attributable to smoking.2 Since 1950, lung cancer deaths among women have increased by more than 600 percent. By 1987, lung cancer had surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer–related deaths in women.2
Women who smoke have an increased risk for other cancers, including cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx (voice box), esophagus, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and uterine cervix.2 Women who smoke double their risk for developing coronary heart disease and increase by more than tenfold their likelihood of dying from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.2,3
Cigarette smoking increases the risk for infertility, preterm delivery, stillbirth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).2
Postmenopausal women who smoke have lower bone density than women who never smoked.2 Women who smoke have an increased risk for hip fracture than never smokers.2
National Estimates of Tobacco Use
An estimated 18.1% of adult U.S. women aged 18 years or older (slightly less than 1 of 5) are current cigarette smokers.4 Cigarette smoking estimates for women by age are as follows: 18–24 years (20.7%), 25–44 years (21.4%), 45–64 years (18.8%), and 65 years or older (8.3%).4
Prevalence of cigarette smoking is highest among women who are American Indians or Alaska Natives (26.8%), followed by whites (20%), African Americans (17.3%), Hispanics (11.1%), and Asians [excluding Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders] (6.1%).4
Cigarette smoking estimates are highest for women with a General Educational Development (GED) diploma (38.8%) or 9–11 years of education (29.0%), and lowest for women with an undergraduate college degree (9.6%) or a graduate college degree (7.4%).4
Smoking prevalence is higher among women living below the poverty level (26.9%) compared with women living at or above the poverty level (17.6%).4
An estimated 18% of pregnant women aged 15–44 years smoke cigarettes, compared with 30% of nonpregnant women of the same age.5
The use of cigars and smokeless tobacco among females is generally low—1.9% of females 12 or older are current cigar smokers,5 and 0.3% are current smokeless tobacco users.5